Articulation

Children that have difficulty pronouncing certain sounds can be diagnosed with an articulation disorder or a phonological disorder depending on the type and amount of errors. Below is the Sander's Chart that shows the ages when a child typically can produce specific sounds.

Sander’s Developmental Norms for Articulation

All children should be making all of their sounds correctly by age 8. The following is a developmental listing of when 90% of the school age children have attained the sound. The Sander’s chart establishes the developmental norms as follows:

By age 3 the child should be able to correctly produce these sounds: p, h, m, n, and w.

By age 4 the child should be able to correctly produce the sounds above as well as these sounds: b, d, k, g, f, and y as in yoyo.

By age 6 the child should be able to correctly produce the sounds above as well as these sounds: t, ing, l, & r.

By age 7 the child should be able to correctly produce the sounds above as well as these sounds: sh, th (voiceless as in thing), ch, and j as in jump.

By age 8 the child should be able to correctly produce the sounds above as well as these additional sounds: s, z, th (voiced as in the), and v.

By age 8+ the child should speak clearly and distinctly using all speech sounds correctly.